{"id":115232,"date":"2020-01-29T18:20:36","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T17:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/aritmetica\/numero-natural.html"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:44:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:44:46","slug":"numero-natural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/matematicas\/aritmetica\/numero-natural.html","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fameros naturales"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El <strong>conjunto de los n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong> se representa por la letra <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-1.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 1\">, y est\u00e1 formado por:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>N = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,...}<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Los <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong> sirven para contar los elementos de un conjunto (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/matematicas\/aritmetica\/numeros-cardinales.html\">n\u00famero cardinal<\/a>). O bien para expresar la posici\u00f3n u orden que ocupa un elemento en un conjunto (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/matematicas\/aritmetica\/numeros-ordinales.html\">n\u00famero ordinal<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong> est\u00e1n <strong>ordenados<\/strong>, lo que nos permite comparar dos <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7 <strong>><\/strong> 2;    5 es <strong>mayor que<\/strong> 3. <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2 <strong><<\/strong> 7;    3 es <strong>menor que<\/strong> 5. <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong> son <strong>ilimitados<\/strong>, si a un n\u00famero natural le sumamos 1, obtenemos otro <strong>n\u00famero natural<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Representaci\u00f3n de los n\u00fameros naturales<\/h2>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong> se pueden representar en una recta ordenados de menor a mayor.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En una recta se\u00f1alamos un punto, que marcamos con el n\u00famero cero. A la derecha del cero, y con las mismas separaciones, situamos de menor a mayor los <strong>n\u00fameros naturales<\/strong>: 1, 2, 3...<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-2.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 2\"\/><\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suma de n\u00fameros naturales<\/h2>\n\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a + b = c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Los t\u00e9rminos de la <strong>suma<\/strong>, <strong>a<\/strong> y <strong>b<\/strong>, se llaman <span><strong>sumandos<\/strong><\/span> y el resultado, <strong>c<\/strong>, <span><strong>suma<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propiedades de la suma<\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.<\/h2>\n\n<strong>Interna<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a + b <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-3.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 3\" height=\"12\" style=\"vertical-align:middle;\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-4.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 4\" width=\"17\"\/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <\/h2>\n\nAsociativa<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.<\/h2>\n\nConmutativa<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a + b = b + a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <\/h2>\n\nElemento neutro<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a + 0 = a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a - <span id=\"sustraendo\">b<\/span> = <span id=\"diferencia\">c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los t\u00e9rminos que intervienen en una <strong>resta<\/strong> se llaman: <strong>a<\/strong>, <strong><span>minuendo<\/span><\/strong> y <strong>b<\/strong>, <strong><span>sustraendo<\/span><\/strong>. Al resultado, <strong>c<\/strong>, lo llamamos <strong><span>diferencia<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propiedades de la resta<\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <\/h2>\n\nNo es una operaci\u00f3n interna<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <\/h2>\n\nNo es Conmutativa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a \u00b7 b = <span id=\"producto\">c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los t\u00e9rminos <strong>a<\/strong> y <strong>b<\/strong> se llaman <strong><span>factores<\/span><\/strong> y el resultado, <strong>c<\/strong>, <strong><span>producto<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propiedades de la multiplicaci\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <\/h2>\n\nInterna<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a \u00b7 b <\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-5.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 5\" height=\"12\" style=\"vertical-align:middle;\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/n&uacute;meros-naturales-6.gif\" alt=\"Explicaciones y ejemplos de n&uacute;meros naturales - 6\" width=\"17\"\/><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <\/h2>\n\nAsociativa<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(a \u00b7 b) \u00b7 c = a \u00b7 (b \u00b7 c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <\/h2>\n\nConmutativa<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a \u00b7 b = b \u00b7 a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <\/h2>\n\nElemento neutro<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a \u00b7 1 = a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <\/h2>\n\nDistributiva<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a \u00b7 (b + c) = a \u00b7 b + a \u00b7 c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <\/h2>\n\nSacar factor com\u00fan<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>a \u00b7 b + a \u00b7 c = a \u00b7 (b + c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D : <span id=\"divisor\">d<\/span> = <span id=\"cociente\">c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los t\u00e9rminos que intervienen en un <strong>divisi\u00f3n<\/strong> se llaman, <strong>D<\/strong>, <strong><span>dividendo<\/span><\/strong> y <strong>d<\/strong> <strong><span>divisor<\/span><\/strong>. Al resultado, <strong>c<\/strong>, lo llamamos <strong><span>cociente<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propiedades de la divisi\u00f3n <\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.<\/h2>\n\n<span>Divisi\u00f3n exacta<\/span><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D = d \u00b7 c<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <\/h2>\n\n<span>Divisi\u00f3n entera<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D = d \u00b7 c + r<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <\/h2>\n\nNo es una operaci\u00f3n interna<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <\/h2>\n\nNo es Conmutativa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <\/h2>\n\nCero dividido entre cualquier n\u00famero da cero.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <\/h2>\n\nNo se puede dividir por 0.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prioridades en las operaciones<\/h3>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\u00ba.<\/h2>\n\nEfectuar las operaciones entre <strong>par\u00e9ntesis, corchetes y llaves..<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\u00ba.<\/h2>\n\nCalcular las <strong>potencias y ra\u00edces<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\u00ba.<\/h2>\n\nEfectuar los <strong>productos<\/strong> y <strong>cocientes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\r\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4\u00ba.<\/h2>\n\nRealizar las <strong>sumas<\/strong> y <strong>restas<\/strong>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El conjunto de los n\u00fameros naturales se representa por la letra , y est\u00e1 formado por: N = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,&#8230;} Los n\u00fameros naturales sirven para contar los elementos de un conjunto (n\u00famero cardinal). O bien para expresar la posici\u00f3n u orden que ocupa un elemento en un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[377],"tags":[362],"class_list":["post-115232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aritmetica","tag-n"],"acf":[],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Andra","author_link":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/author\/andra"},"featured_img":null,"coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/matematicas\/aritmetica\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Aritm\u00e9tica<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Aritm\u00e9tica<\/span>"]},"tags":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/matematicas\/aritmetica\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">n<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">n<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Publicado 7 a\u00f1os hace","modified":"Actualizado 2 semanas hace"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Publicado el 29 enero 2020","modified":"Actualizado el 6 octubre 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Publicado el 29 enero 2020 18 h 20 min","modified":"Actualizado el 6 octubre 2026 18 h 44 min"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115232"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":140072,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115232\/revisions\/140072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.superprof.es\/diccionario\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}