Subjuntivo
El uso del subjuntivo ('subjunctive') en inglés es muy escaso hoy en día. Lo encontraremos sobre todo en textos formales.
Se emplea más en inglés americano. El inglés británico prefiere las construcciones con should o infinitivo con "to".
Formación
Es bastante simple ya que para todos los verbos es igual al 'bare infinitive' o infinitivo sin 'to'. No añade -s en la tercera persona del singular.
Presente Simple
| To be | To work |
|---|---|
| I be | I work |
| You be | You work |
| He be | He work |
| She be | She work |
| It be | It work |
| We be | We work |
| You be | You work |
| They be | They work |
Pasado
Se corresponde al pasado de indicativo con la excepción del pasado del verbo 'to be', que es 'were' para todas las personas.
| To be (Past) | To work ( Past) |
|---|---|
| I were | I worked |
| You were | You worked |
| He were | He worked |
| She were | She worked |
| It were | It worked |
| We were | We worked |
| You were | You worked |
| They were | They worked |
If I were you
Se usa sobre todo para expresar condiciones hipotéticas y deseos con 'I wish' o 'if only'
Si yo fuera tú.
I wish I were a millionaire.
Ojalá fuera millonario.
If only I had a million dollars.
Si sólo tuviera un millón de dólares.
Para las formas continuas y perfectas se usará la forma subjuntiva de los auxiliares. Es igual para todas las personas; no hay cambio en la tercera persona del singular.
Sujeto + be working (presente continuo).
Sujeto + were working (pasado continuo).
Sujeto + have + past participle (present perfect).
Sujeto + had + past participle (past perfect).
Sujeto + have + been + present participle (present perfec continuous).
Usos
1 Con ciertas expresiones idiomáticas.
God save the Queen!
Dios salve a la Reina.
God bless you.
Dios te bendiga.
Be that as it may.
Sea como fuera.
2 Expresar una acción no como algo real sino dependiente de la voluntad, deseo o estado de ánimo de alguien.
Es frecuente su uso en las oraciones subordinadas detrás de ciertos verbos ('demand, 'insist', 'request', 'suggest') y adjetivos ('essential', 'important'), seguidos de 'that'.
People demand that he not be present at the meeting.
La gente demanda que no esté presente en la reunión.
It is important that she arrive early.
Es importante que llegue temprano.
Generalmente en inglés británico se prefiere usar 'should' o el verbo en indicativo.
People demand that he should not be present at the meeting.
It is important that she arrive early.
Ejercicios
Pon el verbo entre paréntesis en la forma de subjuntivo.
I wish that you to join to the party.
Este campo es obligatorio.
join
Peter recommended that she to arrive soon.
Este campo es obligatorio.
arrive / should arrive
It's important that you to read the instructions first of all.
Este campo es obligatorio.
read
If I to be you, I'd buy it.
Este campo es obligatorio.
were
It's vital that you to take a proper medication.
Este campo es obligatorio.
take / should take (british english)
I don't mind as long as he to pay me.
Este campo es obligatorio.
pays
She is asking only that she to be given a second chance.
Este campo es obligatorio.
be
He talks as if he to be rich.
Este campo es obligatorio.
were
He wishes he to have a dog.
Este campo es obligatorio.
had
If she to work harder, she'd pass the exam.
Este campo es obligatorio.
worked
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